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Amiodarone

Classification

Antiarrhythmic

Indications

ACP: Ventricular fibrillation

ACP: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

ACP: Unstable ventricular tachycardia

ACP: Recurrent ventricular tachycardia following cardioversion

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity
Cardiogenic shock
Marked symptomatic sinus bradycardia
Second or third-degree atrioventricular node block

Adult dosages

ACP: ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

300 mg IV push; may repeat 150 mg IV after 10 minutes if VF/pVT persist

ACP: unstable ventricular tachycardia and recurrent ventricular tachycardia following cardioversion

150 mg IV over 10 minutes

ACP: stable monomorphic WCT, or symptomatic runs of WCT

150 mg IV over 10 minutes
CliniCall consultation required prior to administration.

Pediatric Considerations And Dosing

Safety and efficacy in children has not been established.

CliniCall consultation required prior to administration to discuss treatment plan.

Mechanism Of Action

Amiodarone is a Class III antiarrhythmic, but also possesses characteristics of all four Vaughn-Williams classes of medications. It blocks sodium channels in the heart, antagonizes beta adrenoreceptors to inhibit some sympathetic activity, produces negative chronotropic effects in nodal tissues, lengthens the cardiac action potential, and also slows conduction and prolongs refractoriness by blocking potassium channels.

Pharmacokinetics

Intravenous (bolus):

Onset: 2 minutes
Peak: 20 minutes
Duration: 2 hours

Adverse Effects

Hypotension is the most commonly reported side effect following intravenous administration
In patients with a perfusing rhythm who are receiving amiodarone, if hypotension develops or worsens, slow the rate of the infusion
Nausea and bradycardia have also been reported
QT interval prolongation has also been reported; QTc values greater than 500 ms may provoke torsades de pointes

Overdose

Accidental overdose of intravenous amiodarone is likely to produce hypotension, bradycardia, or cardiogenic shock. These should be managed by stopping or slowing the intravenous administration and providing volume replacement. Transcutaneous pacing may be required.

Warning And Precautions

Amiodarone is toxic to tissues if extravasation occurs.

Drug Interactions

Amiodarone may enhance or potentiate the effects of beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, or digoxin and should be used with caution in these patients.