Vitamin K
Classification
Fat-soluble vitamin
Indications
CCP: Major, life-threatening hemorrhage in patients with an INR > 1.5, on warfarin therapy, or with vitamin K deficiency
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to vitamin K (phytonadione) or any component of the formulation
Adult dosages
CCP: Major, life-threatening hemorrhage in patients with an INR > 1.5, on warfarin therapy, or with vitamin K deficiency
- 10 mg IV/IO, no faster than 1 mg/minute
- Do not repeat dose
Pediatric Considerations And Dosing
CCP: Major, life-threatening hemorrhage in patients with an INR > 1.5, on warfarin therapy, or with vitamin K deficiency
- Significant hemorrhage: 0.5-2 mg IV; do not repeat
- Life-threatening hemorrhage: 5 mg IV; do not repeat
Mechanism Of Action
Promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X); however, the exact mechanism as to this stimulation is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
Intravenous:
- Onset: 1-2 hours
- Peak: 12-14 hours
- Duration: 12 hours
Adverse Effects
- Cardiovascular: Chest pain, flushing, hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse
- Central nervous system: Dizziness
- Dermatologic: Diaphoresis, eczematous rash, erythema, erythematous rash, pruritic plaques of the skin, urticaria
- Gastrointestinal: Dysgeusia
- Hepatic: Hyperbilirubinemia
- Hypersensitivity: Anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reaction
- Local: Injection site reaction (including pain, swelling, tenderness)
- Respiratory: Cyanosis, dyspnea
- Miscellaneous: Lesion (scleroderma-like)
Warning And Precautions
Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have occurred with parenteral use; onset may occur during or immediately after intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration. Reactions have occurred despite dilution to avoid rapid IV infusion and with the first dose.