Osmotic diuretic
CCP: Reduction of intracranial pressure and cerebral edema
CCP: Reduction of intracranial pressure and cerebral edema
CCP: Reduction of intracranial pressure and cerebral edema
Mannitol increases extracellular fluid volume and dilutes extracellular stores of sodium, drawing water out of the cells into the plasma. Fluid shifts result in the reduction of cerebral edema and lowering of cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
Intravenous:
Mannitol use may disturb other fluid and electrolyte balances
Accumulation of mannitol caused by inadequate urinary output, or rapid adminsitration of large volumes, may result in the overexpansion of extracellular fluid and circulatory overload causing signs and symptoms of water intoxication. Overhydration may be corrected by hemodialysis or administration of a diuretic.
There is a risk of serious electrolyte disturbances, which may be severe enough to alter the acid-base balance, or to depress respirations. Thiazides may be used if hypernatremia or hyperosmolality occurs.